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Charles Joseph Minard
«Map of Napoleon's March to Moscow. The War of 1812–1813»
Minard's map «Carte figurative des pertes successives en hommes de l'Armée Français dans la campagne de Russe 1812-1813» visualizes Napoleon's war in Russia.
«Minard's graphic tells a rich, coherent story with its multivariate data, far more enlightening than just a single number bouncing along over time. Six variables are plotted: the size of the army, its location on a two-dimensional surface, direction of the army's movement, and temperature on various dates during the retreat from Moscow.»
(Source: Edward R. Tufte, The Visual Display of Quantative Information, Cheshire, Conn., 1983, reprint 1995, p. 40)